Identity Theft Policy

SECTION 1: BACKGROUND.

The risk to the Law Offices of David W. Lima the ("law firm" or "firm"), it's employees and clients from data loss and identity theft is of significant concern to the firm and can be reduced only through the combined efforts of every employee.

SECTION 2: PURPOSE.

The law firm adopts this sensitive information policy to help protect employees, clients, contractors and the firm from damages related to the loss or misuse of sensitive information. This policy will: 1. Define sensitive information; 2. Describe the physical security of data when it is printed on paper; 3. Describe the electronic security of data when stored and distributed; and 4. Place the law firm in compliance with state and federal law regarding identity theft protection. This policy enables the law firm to protect existing clients and reduce risk from identity fraud. The program will help the firm: 1. Identify risks that signify potentially fraudulent activity within new or existing covered accounts; 2. Detect risks when they occur in covered accounts; 3. Respond to risks to determine if fraudulent activity has occurred and act if fraud has been attempted or committed; and 4. Update the program periodically, including reviewing the accounts that are covered and the identified risks that are part of the program.

SECTION 3: SCOPE.

This policy and protection program applies to employees, contractors, consultants, temporary workers, and other workers at the law firm, including all personnel affiliated with third parties.

SECTION 4: POLICY.

4.A: Sensitive Information Policy.

4.A.1: Definition of Sensitive Information.

Sensitive information includes the following items whether stored in electronic or printed format:

4.A.1.a: Credit card information, including any of the following: 1. Credit card number (in part or whole), 2. Credit card expiration date, 3. Cardholder name, and 4. Cardholder address;

4.A.1.b: Tax identification numbers, including: 1. Social Security number, 2. Business identification number, and 3. Employer identification numbers;

4.A.1.c: Payroll information, including, among other information: 1. Paychecks, and 2. Pay stubs;

4.A.1.d: Medical information for any employee or client, including but not limited to: 1. Doctor names and claims, 2. Insurance claims, 3. Prescriptions, and 4. Any related personal medical information;

4.A.1.e: Other personal information belonging to any client, employee or contractor, examples of which include: 1. Date of birth, 2. Address, 3. Phone numbers, 4. Maiden name, 5. Names, and 6. Client number;

4.A.1.f: Law firm personnel are encouraged to use common sense judgment in securing confidential information to the proper extent. If an employee is uncertain of the sensitivity of a particular piece of information, he/she should contact their supervisor.

4.A.2: Hard Copy Distribution. Each employee and contractor performing work for the law firm will comply with the following policies: 1. File cabinets, desk drawers, overhead cabinets, and any other storage space containing documents with sensitive information will be locked when not in use. 2. Storage rooms containing documents with sensitive information and record retention areas will be locked at the end of each workday or when unsupervised. 3. Desks, workstations, work areas, printers and fax machines, and common shared work areas will be cleared of all documents containing sensitive information when not in use. 4. Whiteboards, dry-erase boards, writing tablets, etc. in common shared work areas will be erased, removed, or shredded when not in use. 5. When documents containing sensitive information are discarded they will be placed inside a locked shred bin or immediately shredded using a mechanical cross cut shredding device. Locked shred bins are labeled "Confidential paper shredding and recycling".

4.A.3: Electronic Distribution. Each employee and contractor performing work for the law firm will comply with the following policies: 1. Internally, sensitive information may be transmitted using approved e-mail. All sensitive information must be encrypted when stored in an electronic format. 2. Any sensitive information sent externally must be encrypted and password protected and only to approved recipients. Additionally, a statement such as this should be included in the e-mail: "This message may contain confidential and/or proprietary information and is intended for the person/entity to which it was originally addressed. Any use by others is strictly prohibited."

SECTION 5: ADDITIONAL IDENTITY THEFT PREVENTION PROGRAM.

If the law firm maintains certain covered accounts pursuant to federal legislation, the law firm may include the additional program details.

5.A: Covered accounts.

A covered account includes any account that involves or is designed to permit multiple payments or transactions. Every new and existing client account that meets the following criteria is covered by this program: 1. Business, personal and household accounts for which there is a reasonably foreseeable risk of identity theft; or 2. Business, personal and household accounts for which there is a reasonably foreseeable risk to the safety or soundness of the law firm from identity theft, including financial, operational, compliance, reputation, or litigation risks.

5.B: Red flags.

5.B.1: The following red flags are potential indicators of fraud. Any time a red flag, or a situation closely resembling a red flag, is apparent, it should be investigated for verification. 1. Alerts, notifications or warnings from a consumer reporting agency; 2. A fraud or active duty alert included with a consumer report; 3. A notice of credit freeze from a consumer reporting agency in response to a request for a consumer report; or 4. A notice of address discrepancy from a consumer reporting agency as defined in sec. 334.82(b) of the Fairness and Accuracy in Credit Transactions Act.

5.B.2: Red flags also include consumer reports that indicate a pattern of activity inconsistent with the history and usual pattern of activity of an applicant or client, such as: A recent and significant increase in the volume of inquiries; An unusual number of recently established credit relationships; A material change in the use of credit, especially with respect to recently established credit relationships; or an account that was closed for cause or identified for abuse of account privileges by a financial institution or creditor.

5.C: Suspicious documents.

5.C.1: Documents provided for identification that appears to have been altered or forged.

5.C.2: The photograph or physical description on the identification is not consistent with the appearance of the applicant or customer presenting the identification.

5.C.3: Other information on the identification is not consistent with information provided by the person opening a new covered account or customer presenting the identification.

5.C.4: Other information on the identification is not consistent with readily accessible information that is on file with the law firm, such as a signature card or a recent check.

5.C.5: An application appears to have been altered or forged, or gives the appearance of having been destroyed and reassembled.

5.D: Suspicious personal identifying information.

5.D.1: Personal identifying information provided is inconsistent when compared against external information sources used by the law firm. For example: The address does not match any address in the consumer report; The Social Security number (SSN) has not been issued or is listed on the Social Security Administration's Death Master File; or Personal identifying information provided by the client is not consistent with other personal identifying information provided by the client. For example, there is a lack of correlation between the SSN range and date of birth.

5.D.2: Personal identifying information provided is associated with known fraudulent activity as indicated by internal or third-party sources used by the law firm. For example, the address on an application is the same as the address provided on a fraudulent application.

5.D.3: Personal identifying information provided is of a type commonly associated with fraudulent activity as indicated by internal or third-party sources used by the law firm. For example: The address on an application is fictitious, a mail drop, or a prison; or the phone number is invalid or is associated with a pager or answering service.

5.D.4: The SSN provided is the same as that submitted by other persons opening an account or other clients.

5.D.5: The address or telephone number provided is the same as or similar to the address or telephone number submitted by an unusually large number of other clients or other persons opening accounts.

5.D.6: The client or the person opening the covered account fails to provide all required personal identifying information on an application or in response to notification that the application is incomplete.

5.D.7: Personal identifying information provided is not consistent with personal identifying information that is on file with the law firm.

5.D.8: When using security questions (mother's maiden name, pet's name, etc.), the person opening the covered account or the client cannot provide authenticating information beyond that which generally would be available from a wallet or consumer report.

5.E: Unusual use of, or suspicious activity related to, the covered account.

5.E.1: Shortly following the notice of a change of address for a covered account, the law firm receives a request for new, additional, or replacement goods or services, or for the addition of authorized users on the account.

5.E.2: A new revolving credit account is used in a manner commonly associated with known patterns of fraud patterns. For example, the client fails to make the first payment or makes an initial payment but no subsequent payments.

5.E.3: A covered account is used in a manner that is not consistent with established patterns of activity on the account. There is, for example: Nonpayment when there is no history of late or missed payments.

5.E.4: Mail sent to the client is returned repeatedly as undeliverable although transactions continue to be conducted in connection with the client's covered account.

5.E.5: The law firm is notified that the client is not receiving paper account statements.

5.E.6: The law firm is notified of unauthorized charges or transactions in connection with a client's covered account.

5.E.7: The law firm receives notice from clients, victims of identity theft, law enforcement authorities, or other persons regarding possible identity theft in connection with covered accounts held by the law firm.

5.E.8: The law firm is notified by a client, a victim of identity theft, a law enforcement authority, or any other person that it has opened a fraudulent account for a person engaged in identity theft.

SECTION 6: RESPONDING TO RED FLAGS.

6.A: Once potentially fraudulent activity is detected, an employee must act quickly as a rapid appropriate response can protect clients and the law firm from damages and loss.

6.A.1: Once potentially fraudulent activity is detected, gather all related documentation and write a description of the situation. Present this information to the designated authority for determination.

6.A.2: The designated authority will complete additional authentication to determine whether the attempted transaction was fraudulent or authentic.

6.B: If a transaction is determined to be fraudulent, appropriate actions must be taken immediately. Actions may include: 1. Canceling the transaction; 2. Notifying and cooperating with appropriate law enforcement; 3. Determining the extent of liability of the law firm; and 4. Notifying the actual client that fraud has been attempted.

SECTION 7: PERIODIC UPDATES TO PLAN.

7.A: At periodic intervals established in the program, or as required, the program will be re-evaluated to determine whether all aspects of the program are up to date and applicable in the current business environment.

7.B: Periodic reviews will include an assessment of which accounts are covered by the program.

7.C: As part of the review, red flags may be revised, replaced or eliminated. Defining new red flags may also be appropriate.

7.D: Actions to take in the event that fraudulent activity is discovered may also require revision to reduce damage to the law firm and its clients.

SECTION 8: PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

8.A: Involvement of management 1. The Identity Theft Prevention Program shall not be operated as an extension to existing fraud prevention programs, and its importance warrants the highest level of attention. 2. The Identity Theft Prevention Program is the responsibility of the law firm owner. Approval of the initial plan must be appropriately documented and maintained. 3. Operational responsibility of the program is delegated to David W. Lima.

8.B: Staff training 1. Staff training shall be conducted for all employees, officials and contractors for whom it is reasonably foreseeable that they may come into contact with accounts or personally identifiable information that may constitute a risk to the law firm or its clientss. 2. David W. Lima is responsible for ensuring identity theft training for all requisite employees and contractors. 3. Employees must receive annual training in all elements of this policy. 4. To ensure maximum effectiveness, employees may continue to receive additional training as changes to the program are made.

8.C: Oversight of service provider arrangements 1. It is the responsibility of the law firm to ensure that the activities of all service providers are conducted in accordance with reasonable policies and procedures designed to detect, prevent, and mitigate the risk of identity theft. 2. A service provider that maintains its own identity theft prevention program, consistent with the guidance of the red flag rules and validated by appropriate due diligence, may be considered to be meeting these requirements. 3. Any specific requirements should be specifically addressed in the appropriate contract arrangements.

Approved this 1st day of March, 2009.

David W. Lima

 

 

The Homeowner, the Contractor and the Legal Process

The first level of protection a homeowner has against legal problems arising from their retention of a contractor is their initial research. Is the contractor registered with the Board of Building Regulations and Standards? Ask for a Certificate of Insurance for his General Liability Insurance Coverage. Does the contractor have employees that will work on the job? If so, ask for his Certificate of Worker's Compensation Insurance. If a contractor should, but does not have Workers compensation Insurance for his or her employees, the law exposes you, the homeowner, to litigation by a party injured working on the job.

Once you've determined the contractor is registered and insured, ask for references and verify them. Are they independent customers unrelated and otherwise unknown to the contractor? Was the work completed satisfactorily and on time? Were there ever any issues with sub-contractors? If possible, view a sample of a similar work product. Check the contractor's complaint history with the Attorney Generals Office and/or the Better Business Bureau. You can also contact the Office of Consumer Affairs to find out if there have been arbitration cases or Guaranty Fund claims against the contractor. Avoid contractors with a litiginous history.

Homeowners also increase their risk of exposure to loss if:

- the homeowner takes out the building permit for the work to be done (never do this!),

- the homeowner pays the contractor by the hour,

- the homeowner supplies or loans the tools and materials to get the job done,

- or the homeowner gives directions on how to perform the job.

If any of the above conditions apply, the homeowner may, in the event of a lawsuit, be found to be acting as their own general contractor and could be responsible for anything that happens to the subcontractors or their employees during the course of their work. So avoid structuring your contract in any of these ways.

In regard to the contract, always ask for a detailed written contract. It will protect you and help ensure that you and the contractor understand the scope of the job and the price. Massachusetts law requires that home improvement contracts over $1,000 be in writing. If contractors violate this provision, their registration may be suspended or revoked, and they can be fined or face criminal prosecution. Be sure the contract identifies the contractor, including the contractor's registration number; total price of the work; the payment schedule (never pay all before the job is finished; the contractor cannot collect more than one-third of the cost of the contract in advance, unless special order materials are needed); a provision for how changes will be made; a detailed list of specifications for the job; firm start and completion dates for the work; attach a copy of the contractor's insurance certificates; a permit warning you that if you secure your own building permit or hire an unregistered contractor, you will not be eligible for the Guaranty Fund; and a 3-day cancellation notice, informing you of your right to cancel your contract if you signed the agreement in your home, or at a place other than at the contractors office or business.

If you are financing your home improvements, contractors are not allowed to lend you the money, if the loan is secured by a mortgage on your home. Also, a contractor cannot offer you financing with a specific lender if your home is used as collateral. You have the right to choose any lender who is willing to negotiate your loan. Get a cost estimate from the contractor for the work that needs to be done, and then shop around for the best financing.

When Problems Arise

The Home Improvement Contractor Law (M.G.L. c. 142A) was created to protect consumers and regulate the practices of home improvement contractors. The law establishes a contractor registration requirement, an arbitration program for resolving disputes between homeowners and registered contractors and creates a Guaranty Fund to compensate consumers up to $10,000 for unpaid judgments against home improvement contractors.

There are some exceptions to the registration requirement. Contractors who do not need to be registered include installers of central heating and air conditioning, energy conservation devices, landscaping, interior painting, wall and floor coverings, fencing, freestanding masonry walls, above ground pools, shutters, awnings, ground level patios, driveways and some licensed professionals such as architects, electricians and plumbers who provide services that are exclusively within the scope of their profession. Additionally, some part-time and small job (under $500) contractors do not need to be registered.

Registered contractors must display their six-digit registration number on all advertisements, contracts and permits. Wherever you see the company or contractor's name displayed, you should also find a registration number nearby.

If you have a contract dispute or if you think that the job was done in a substandard or unworkmanlike manner, explore the following options:

Mediation: This process allows both parties to reach a mutually agreeable resolution with the help of a facilitator. Mediation is voluntary, requiring both parties consent.

Arbitration: You may be eligible for state-approved arbitration under the Home Improvement Arbitration Program. To qualify you must be able to prove that:

1. there was a written contract for the job

2. the contractor was registered at the time of the contract

3. the work was done on a 1-4 family, owner-occupied, primary residence in Massachusetts.

If you obtained your own building permit, you may be eligible for arbitration (if other qualifications are satisfied), but you may not be eligible for payment from the Guaranty Fund. If the contractor failed to include the permit notice in the contract and you meet other qualifications, you may have access to the Guaranty Fund.

A professional arbitrator hears the case presented by both parties and makes a legally binding decision. Either party may appeal the decision in court within 21 days.

Court Action: You may also pursue your claim through the court system. For claims under $2,000, small claims court is the most cost effective, however there is no appeal available to a plaintiff who loses their case. Claims that have larger damage claims are more suitable to District or Superior Court.

If you win your case in arbitration or in court and the contractor fails to pay the award or judgment, you can apply to the Home Improvement Contractor Guaranty Fund for up to $10,000 of your actual losses. The Guaranty Fund was created as a fund of last resort for consumers who have an unpaid final judgment against a contractor. The Guaranty Fund is funded by a one time fee that contractors are required to pay at the time of registration. After a consumer is paid from the Guaranty Fund, the responsible registered contractor is obligated to reimburse the Fund with interest within 30 days. Failure to repay the Fund may result in administrative fines, revocation of the contractor's registration, and potentially criminal prosecution. Applications to the Fund, must be filed within six months of the court judgment date or arbitration award. You must also demonstrate that all reasonable efforts to collect the judgment have been exhausted.

To qualify for payment from the Fund, a homeowner must be able to prove that there was a contract for the job, the contractor was registered with the Board of Building Regulations and Standards at the time of the contract; the contractor secured the building permit (with some exceptions); the contract was for work on a pre-existing 1-4 family residence in Massachusetts that is the owners primary residence; a court judgment or arbitration award in the homeowner favor has been issued, and all "reasonable efforts to collect" the judgment or award have been exhausted; a Fund application was filed within six months of the arbitration award or court judgment.

Contact Information

To check on a contractors registration:

Home Improvement Contractor Registration
Board of Building Regulations and Standards
(800) 223-0933 press 4
Search their database at: http://www.magnet.state.ma.us/bbrs

To check a contractors complaint history or to file a consumer complaint:

Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation
(Arbitration and Guaranty Fund History only)
Consumer Hotline
(617) 973-8787 or (888) 283-3757

Attorney Generals Office  (617) 727-8400

Better Business Bureau   (508) 642-4800; (508) 755-2548; (413) 734-3114

To file a formal complaint:

The Office of the Attorney General
(617) 727-8400

To obtain applications for arbitration or the Guaranty Fund, a sample contract or more information about the Home Improvement Law:

Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation
(617) 973-8787 or Toll Free: (888) 283-3757